Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Free Essay for Your Writing Inspiration!

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Monday, December 23, 2019

Should Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S. - 1400 Words

Should Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.? Tobacco has been around in the world for over 2.5 million years. It was not until a few hundred years ago when the tobacco industry decided to put these crops into use and conjure up tobacco products for the community. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recently when cigarettes became widely controversial due to the plant containing nicotine, an addictive drug to the body. Aside from containing nicotine and other hazardous chemicals to the body, cigarettes also cause a whole host of health implications†¦show more content†¦For example, obesity affects approximately one-third of the population in the U.S. Obesity also causes many health implications such as heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and so on, similar to ci garettes. Foods that cause obesity could also contain addictive ingredients such as MSG, sugar, fat, and salt. These foods can be wrapped into one category: junk food. Since junk food causes health implications and hold addictive traits, then by logic, junk food must also be banned. This is not the case, however. Cigarettes indeed are a major factor in causing health complications to people. However, this is common knowledge everyone is aware of. It does not give people the rights to strip away cigarettes only because it causes cancer. Since junk food is a major factor to obesity, it does not mean junk food should be banned. In both situations, people free willingly decide to smoke or consume junk food. Another reason people would want to ban cigarettes is the effects of second hand smoking and the dangers. According to the University of Minnesota, there are two types of smoke emitted from cigarettes: mainstream and sidestream smoke. Mainstream smoke is the type that is exhaled by s mokers. Sidestream smoke is the one burning off at the end of a cigarette. The type that second hand smoking recipientsShow MoreRelatedShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1444 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recently when cigarettes became widely controversial due to the plant containing nicotine, an addictive drug to the body. Aside from containing nicotine and other hazardous chemicals to the body, cigarettes also cause a whole host of health implications to theRead MoreThe Production of Cigarettes Should Be Banned Across the U.S1132 Words   |  5 PagesOne thing I hate is when someone is walking in front of me smoking a cigarette and next thing you know, BOOM the cigarette smoke comes right to my face! If you are that smoker it created many hea lth problems and chances are you have to take many medications every morning before your day begins, does it become annoying? Smoking is an activity that has been around for many years, it helps reduce the stresses of life and put people in a comfortable position that enables them to cope with the hecticRead MoreEssay about Cigarettes Should be Banned939 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking cigarettes is common among most adults in the United States, yet it is one of the most dangerous things you can do to yourself. Many people feel that smoking should be made illegal. The reason they may feel this way is because it is very harmful to your health and can lead to death. I strongly agree that cigarettes should be banned from being sold and produced because to me they’re considered a dangerous drug. The first reason that supports my claim of smoking cigarettes should be bannedRead More Smoking should be banned all over the United States Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagessome countries have placed a ban in public places such as Britain and the United States. However, to prevent the costs of smoking from rising and causing a larger number of deaths around the U.S, strict measures would need to be taken. I believe that the production of cigarettes should be banned across the U.S to prevent any diseases from occurring which would save thousands of lives. As mentioned before, numerous diseases have been associated with smoking. Diseases such as lung cancer, mouthRead MoreTobacco Smoking1372 Words   |  6 Pagessome countries have placed a ban in public places such as Britain and the United States. However, to prevent the costs of smoking from rising and causing a larger number of deaths around the U.S, strict measures would need to be taken. I believe that the production of cigarettes should be banned across the U.S to prevent any diseases from occurring which would save thousands of lives. As mentioned before, numerous diseases have been associated with smoking. Diseases such as lung cancer, mouth cancerRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?899 Words   |  4 Pages Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Should cigarette smoking be banned for everyone in the United States? Smoking tobacco products have been around for decades and in many different forms. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deathsRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?925 Words   |  4 PagesStates (U.S.), yet more than 45 million Americans still smoke cigarettes. The health threat posed by tobacco has been accepted by scientists since the 17th century. In 1928, studies linked smoking to cancer. In 1964, the first Surgeon General’s report on cigarette smoking summarized the evidence that tobacco poses serious health risks for those who use it. Cigarette smoking should be banned in the U.S. because smoking causes damage throughout the bod y, it is hazardous to non-smokers, cigarettes costRead MoreBans on Smoking in Public Areas1476 Words   |  6 Pagespeople that die because of smoking each year! Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. Each year more than 480,000 people die because of smoking. This is just one of the many reasons why I believe that cigarette smoking should be banned in public areas. I will argue this point in three ways. First, I will argue that the health effects of smoking are so harmful that cigarettes should not be allowed in public areas. Next, I will argue that the negative effects go beyond just healthRead MoreSmoking Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesand the most common, cigarette smoke. Smoking cigarettes doesn’t only affect the person who smokes but also the people around them. I believe that smoking should be banned from the United States. Even though this is a very unacceptable issue to the majority of the country, there have been smoking bans that were implem ented in early years to insure the safety of the people in businesses, and restaurant environments. Even though smoking has been banned in these facilities, we should expand these lawsRead MoreTaking a Look at Smoking1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthe drug known as nicotine. The main reason people smoke a cigarette is to ingest the drug nicotine. Nicotine triggers the release of dopamine, which stimulates a general good feeling in the body, and epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline. Along with with the increased energy and good feeling, cigarettes have a small array of other benefits. Smoking suppresses a person’s appetite which leads to smokers having less obesity than

Sunday, December 15, 2019

A Comparison Of Wastewater Treatment Methods Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(134) " On the other manus, curdling consequences in a larger mass of primary sludge that is frequently more hard to inspissate and dewater\." Water constitutes over 70 % of the Earths surface and is a really of import resource for all people and the environment. If H2O gets polluted it cant be the elixr of life any longer to aquatic and to the wild life that depend on it. Rivers and watercourses polluted with chemical contaminations account as one of the most important environmental jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison Of Wastewater Treatment Methods Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Water pollution is fundamentally a human fallacy.This used H2O is called â€Å" effluent † . Turning population and rapid industrialization has increased the volume of effluent manifold finally deteriorating the fresh H2O resources and environing environment due to inappropriate management.It is 99.94 per centum H2O, with merely 0.06 per centum of the effluent being dissolved and suspended solid stuff. Infiltration/inflow: immaterial H2O that enters the cloaca system through indirect and direct agencies such as through leaking articulations, clefts, or porous walls.Inflow is storm H2O that enters the cloaca system from storm drain connexions, roof headings, foundation and cellar drains or through manhole screens ; Features: Fresh, aerophilic, domestic H2O has been said to hold the smell of kerosine or newly turned Earth. Aged, infected sewerage is well more violative to the olfactory nerves.The characteristic rotten-egg smell of H sulphide and the mercaptans is declarative of infected sewage.Fresh sewerage is typically gray in colour.septic sewerage is black.The category of chemical compounds found in effluent are illimitable and so they are better known by the name of the trial used to mensurate them which are BOD5 and COD test.Industrial procedures generate a broad assortment of effluent pollutants.The features and degrees of pollutants vary significantly from industry to industry. Waste-water quality is assessed based on physical, chemical, and biological features. Physical parametric quantities include coloring materials, smell, temperature, and turbidness. Insoluble contents such as solids, oil and lubricating oil, are to be considered under this category.. Solids may be farther subdivided into suspended and dissolved solids every bit good as organic ( volatile ) and inorganic ( fixed ) fractions. Chemical factors to be considered are: biochemical O demand ( BOD ) , chemical O demand ( COD ) , entire organic C ( TOC ) , and entire O demand ( TOD ) . Inorganic chemical parametric quantities include salt, hardness, pH, sourness and alkalinity, every bit good as concentrations of ionised metals such as Fe and manganese, and anionic entities such as chlorides, sulphates, sulphides, nitrates and phosphates. Bacteriological parametric quantities include coliforms, fecal coliforms, specific pathogens, and viruses. Both components and concentrations vary with clip a nd local conditions. VARYING FLOW Issue: Waste-water flow fluctuates with fluctuations in H2O use, which is affected by a battalion of factors including clime, community size, life criterions, dependableness and quality of H2O supply, H2O preservation demands or patterns, and the extent of metre services, in add-on to the grade of industrialization, cost of H2O and supply force per unit area. Wide fluctuations in effluent flow rates may therefore be expected to happen within a community Effluent does non flux into a municipal effluent intervention works at a changeless rate. The flow rate varies from hr to hr. In most metropoliss, the form of day-to-day activities sets the form of sewerage flow and strength. Above-average sewerage flows and strength occur in mid-morning.The invariably altering sum and strength of effluent to be treated makes efficient procedure operation difficult.Also, many intervention units must be designed for the maximal flow conditions encountered which really consequences in their being oversized for mean conditions.Flow equalisation is non a intervention procedure in itself, but a technique that can be used to better the effectivity of both secondary and advanced effluent intervention processes.The intent of flow equalisation is to stifle the fluctuations so that the effluent can be treated at a about changeless flow rate.Flow equalisation can significantly better the public presentation of an bing works and increase its utile capacity.In ne w workss, flow equalisation can cut down the size and cost of the intervention units. Wastewater intervention options may be classified into groups of procedures harmonizing to the map they perform and their complexness: The basic methods of handling municipal effluent autumn into the undermentioned phases, which is shown in the signifier of block flow: The procedure flow diagram of a basic effluent intervention procedure is as follows: Conventional WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES: General footings used to depict different grades of intervention in order of increasing intervention degree are preliminary, primary, secondary and third and/or advanced effluent intervention. Preliminary intervention: Preliminary intervention prepares waste-water influent for farther intervention by cut downing or extinguishing non-favourable waste-water features that might otherwise impede operation or overly increase care of downstream procedures and equipment. These features include big solids and shreds, scratchy grit, smells, and, in certain instances, intolerably high extremum hydraulic or organic burdens. Preliminary intervention processes consist of physical unit operations, viz. testing and comminution for the remotion of dust and shreds, grit remotion for the riddance of coarse suspended affair, and floatation for the remotion of oil and lubricating oil. Other preliminary intervention operations include flow equalization, septage handling, and odour control methods. Primary Treatment: Primary intervention is designed to take organic and inorganic solids by the physical procedures of deposit and flotation. About 30 – 40 % of the pollutants are removed from the waste Waterss. Primary intervention acts as a precursor for secondary intervention. Secondary intervention: The intent of secondary intervention is the remotion of soluble and colloidal organics and suspended solids that have escaped the primary intervention. This is typically done through biological procedures, viz. intervention by activated sludge, fixed-film reactors, or laguna systems and deposit. Chemical intervention utilizes a coagulator such as Fe or aluminium.Then solid organic affair and P are precipitated into larger pieces which are separated as sludge. Suspended solids removal through chemical intervention involves a series of three unit operations: rapid commixture, flocculation and settling..A once-through chemical intervention system is shown below the tabular array. Advantage: greater remotion efficiency, the feasibleness of utilizing higher overflow rates, and more consistent public presentation. On the other manus, curdling consequences in a larger mass of primary sludge that is frequently more hard to inspissate and dewater. You read "A Comparison Of Wastewater Treatment Methods Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" It besides entails higher operational costs and demands greater attending on the portion of the operator. Adsorption WITH ACTIVATED CARBON Adsorption is the procedure of roll uping soluble substances within a solution on a suited interface. In waste-water intervention, surface assimilation with activated carbon-a solid interface-usually follows normal biological intervention, and is aimed at taking a part of the staying dissolved organic matter.Particulate affair nowadays in the H2O may besides be removed.. The two most common types of activated C are farinaceous activated C ( GAC ) , which has a diameter greater than 0.1 millimeter, and powdered activated C ( PAC ) , which has a diameter of less than 200 mesh. A schematic of an activated C contactor is shown below the tabular array. Advantage: Exploitation powdered activated C in concurrence with traditional biological intervention provides first-class outflowing bio-assay consequences, provides for toxicity control within the bioreactor, and proA ­motes higher nitrification efficiency than that of a conventional activated-sludge system. CWAO Oxidation is a procedure widely used for effluent intervention by which the pollutants are removed or converted into more biodegradable substances. Catalytic moisture air oxidization ( CWAO ) is a liquid stage reaction between organic stuff in H2O and O. CWAO is an attractive intervention for waste watercourses, which are excessively dilute to incinerate and excessively concentrated for biological intervention. It can be defined as the oxidization of organic and inorganic substances in an aqueous solution or suspension by agencies of O or air at elevated temperatures and force per unit areas. It is besides called flameless burning Typical conditions for CWAO scope from 125 to 300a- ¦C and at force per unit areas from 0.5 to 20 MPa. Residence times may alter from 15 to 120 min, and the chemical O demand ( COD ) remotion may typically be about 75-90 % . DECHLORINATION Dechlorination is the remotion of free and entire combined Cl residue from chlorinated effluent wastewater before its reuse or discharge to having Waterss. Chlorine compounds react with many organic compounds in the wastewater to bring forth unsought toxic compounds that cause long-run inauspicious impacts on the H2O environment and potentially toxic effects on aquatic microorganisms. Beginning: Adapted from Liu and Liptak, Wastewater Treatment ACTIVATED CARBON CONTACTOR: Beginning: Metcalf and Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, 3rd edition. Comparison OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER: Factor BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL CHEMICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL EFFLUENT QUALITY Biological P remotion was observed to make a lower limit of 0.4mg/l in the wastewater Chemical P remotion was observed to make whatever outflowing quality demand as more and more chemicals are dosed SLUDGE PRODUCTION ( The production of sludge is considered as a really of import factor in the pick of a effluent intervention method presents ) Sludge production is less compared to chemical method. Chemical P remotion produces more sludge, approximately 25 % more sludge than by biological agencies. NEEDED PLANT VOLUME As the volume of the anaerobiotic zone of the Bio -P procedure is reduced, there are alterations in the outflowing quality and the efficiency of P remotion is reduced The decrease of the volume of the anaerobiotic zone has no effects on the chemical P remotion Consumption OF ENERGY It was possible to cut down the capacity of the aeration device down to 1000kg O2/hr and still hold good intervention consequences in footings of COD and nitrogen remotion in the Bio-P process.Beyond this bound ( less than 100kg O2/hr ) COD and the Nitrogen in the wastewater are excessively high. Same sum of COD and Nitrogen in the wastewater is observed at 500kgO2/hr.So chemical method is more immune to decrease in aeration capacity than the Bio-P procedure by atleast 500kgO2/hr aeration capacity. ECONOMIC COST OF TREATMENT ) Annual cost for sludge disposal is saved by Bio-P compared to chemical method. The cost of buying chemicals is high and no nest eggs with respect to sludge disposal compared to Bio-P remotion. The economic cost of intervention has been evaluated based on a summing up of the single costs associated with sludge production, cost of chemicals, energy cost and costs associated to volume nest eggs. The purpose of an economic cost is non to reflect the exact fiscal cost but an estimation that could be used as a guideline for the building of a new works or for comparing of the two procedures. Discussion: Chemical VS BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT: Biological procedure removes solid organic affair and dissolved organic affair. The chemical procedure removes solid organic affair and phosphorus.Chemical precipitation cleans the H2O really quickly, say in less than 15mins after the induction of the procedure, we have clean H2O, whereas with biological intervention it will take 3 hour to accomplish the same.Biological procedure stopping points relatively long clip and is dependent on the effectivity of the microorganisms.Chemical and Biological interventions work in different ways and accomplish different results.We have to find the major causes of O lack in Waterss and choose the intervention in conformity with local environmental requirements.Purification in itself demands resources.Biological intervention requires a long abode clip and energy is consumed when air is blown into the sewerage water.Consequently the Biological works is large and more complex.The micro-organisms have to be adapted to the pollution which sensitises th e whole system.Chemical purification requires add-on of coagulators which is done in a little pool and at lower energy consumption.The entire energy used for chemical intervention is merely 15 % of that required for biological intervention, even if the energy used for production and distribution of coagulators is included.In footings of the entire ecological emphasis, the chemical procedure is favoured.Life rhythm appraisals show the biological procedure to be a larger consumer of resources and therefore it is more negative interms of its full environmental impact.If there is no demand to take dissolved organic affair a biological procedure could make greater ecological harm than chemical procedure due to the entire energy ingestion and the natural stuffs used when building the works. The environment makes demands on the purification procedure and if advanced purification is necessary both biological and chemical methods must be used..In Norway, the bing chemical works built wholly within bedrock was extended with the N remotion system due to the increased food load.With the alone combination of chemical and biological procedures this works occupies less than half the volume of the conventional biological procedure. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Effective effluent aggregation and intervention are of great importance from the point of view of both environmental and public wellness. Any effluent intervention works needs important investing and Operation Maintenance and control, and hence any determination to implement such a installation should be carefully considered. It is non a good thought to reason that any intervention method is better than the other.Each one has its ain advantages and disadvantages.The pick of which method is to be used will depend on the society, the discharge demands and the costs they are ready to incur.As a concluding decision, the winning construct these yearss should non be based on which procedure should be used in isolation to the other, but instead utilizing the advantages of both processes together to obtain best consequences, while at the same clip understating their disadvantages. Extensive research activity in this field has led to important betterment and variegation in the procedures and methods used for waste-water intervention and sludge direction. Public wellness jeopardies are frequently associated with waste-water reuse, and accordingly it is indispensable to circulate cognition and information about the danger of natural waste-water reuse and issue safe reuse guidelines. 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Friday, December 6, 2019

First Day in Secondary School free essay sample

First day in Secondary School In Hong Kong, moving from Primary school to Secondary school is an important step, it signify a child has grown into a teenage. My first day in secondary school had a lot of first time for me. September 1st, was always the first day of every school in Hong Kong. This day in 1993, was my first day of secondary school life. I woke up bright and early, while my two younger sisters were still sleeping. Mom was surprised that she did not have to wake me, as I was usually the last one in the family. I cooked my breakfast like always; I had been doing that since my mom had to take care of my sisters. After breakfast, I changed into my brand new uniform; it looked like my old one but it had a different school patch. In my nice looking uniform and a big empty backpack, I walk across the street to the minibus stop. We will write a custom essay sample on First Day in Secondary School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were a lot of students, all with sleepy faces, already waiting there. I was both scare and excited as this was my first time taking a minibus alone. After I got on the minibus, I tried very hard not to fall asleep because I was so worry I would miss the bus stop. As the minibus turn into the street my school is located, I shout â€Å"Stop after the turn! †, that’s how passengers notified the driver where we get off. After I got off the minibus, I was looking at the name of the school â€Å"Chan Tai Man Secondary School† and thinking I would be spending the next three, five or seven years there. It would all depend on whether I could pass the exams at form 3 and form 5. As I was walking in the building, two rows of senior students was standing there to welcome me (I later learned that they were there to check for students’ uniforms, hair styles, contrabands, etc. . I then walked toward the bulletin board to look for my name and what class I was assigned to; I was so happy that I found out there was another person come from the same primary school. Although we were assigned to different classes, a familiar face always helps. After knowing the class room, I started walk upstairs. I found my class room and only a few p eople in there, I was so surprised when I see there are not only Chinese but also Indian and white. I was told this was an English school but I did not know this was an international school! I found a seat far away from everyone, worrying how would I respond if they talked to me. I learn only basic English in primary school but I had never talk English in any conversation. Fortunately for me, no one came. While I was waiting, I saw more students came. I was delighted when I saw most of them are Chinese, not knowing many are â€Å"ABC† (American Born Chinese) and some are Asian. The school bell finally rang, when the teacher came in. The first sentence was in English, I almost fainted. Luckily, she explained in Cantonese immediately she was just telling the â€Å"ESS† (English Speaking Student), not everyone spoke English and she would explain everything in Cantonese and English. That was the first day in my secondary school, the first time I rode minibus alone, the first time with so many non-Chinese, first time I need to communicate in English. Although it was scary at first, I found it helped my English a lot and I can accustom to my life in US much easier.